The strongest next step is to connect adult moth records to the plants and microhabitats that can support them. Willow, ash, sumac, apple, poplar and aspen, oak, and hickory give practical places to look for larvae, rolls, mines, and feeding sign. Adult photographs alone don't prove breeding or host use on the property, so repeat records and host-linked evidence matter more than another isolated name. That work should also add small moths a night sheet under-samples.

Filtered to species with county records in August — the flight window covering the next two weeks. Tioga County's moth records are thin, and many nearby records come from well-worked Tompkins County, so this list draws from the ~50-mile regional pool with that bias in mind. Species at the top are seen repeatedly nearby in these same weeks; their absence here is usually a survey-method gap, not evidence that the property lacks the habitat. Current host-plant clues keep pointing at grape, dogwood, willow, oak, hickory, basswood, jewelweed, and wetland composites. Catocala underwings come poorly to UV but readily to sugar bait on warm August nights. Different gaps need different methods.

Large, conspicuous families are the best represented because their adults are easier to photograph and identify at lights. The remaining gap is concentrated in small or difficult families and in species reached through host searches, bait, canopy work, and colder-season surveys. Tortricidae now has 121 species documented here; further useful gains will depend on sharp photographs, host association, and expert review.

Of the 860 moth species confirmed here, 230 have appeared on exactly one night. That high single-night count keeps the accumulation curve rising and yields a Chao2 estimate near 1075 species (95% CI: 1013–1162), or about 80% observed. Treat that as a sampling-based estimate, not a fixed property ceiling. The roughly 215 undetected species are most likely concentrated in cold seasons, bait-feeders, canopy species, and host-linked micros poorly sampled by a ground-level UV sheet.

Whole-night distinct species is the right response for this survey: each species is documented, not every arriving moth, and the route can move among stations with travel gaps. More than 30 nighttime observations across more than 60 minutes marks a full-effort night; neither value is then used as a richness predictor. Effort still varies, so the result describes the historical survey protocol rather than weather acting alone.

June has produced the most new species per survey night (219 firsts across 19 nights). Months with a tall terracotta bar but a short green one are where additional effort would pay off. The core season runs late June through August; cool nights tend to narrow flight activity, while bright moonlight can reduce what reaches or is detected at the sheet.

Each row is one species. The thick bar is its core flight window — the middle 50% of records. The faint line reaches its earliest and latest confirmed dates. Read all 860 rows together and you get the season's shape: a small March opening, a sharp June rise, and the broadest sampled community in July — 563 species across 31 nights — before the list narrows through late summer and fall. These windows now combine two partial field seasons. They are useful search calendars, not fixed flight limits; additional early spring, late fall, and repeat midsummer nights will keep changing them.

Scan a row: that species' season, bright at its peak, dark where it disappears. Scan a column: the active community for that month. The sparse winter columns are partly real — few moths fly in January and February — and partly a survey gap, since few people run lights in the cold. Both things are true, and more data will eventually separate them.